Indonesian War of Independence
Police Actions
The police actions (also called police actions) are the military operations by the Netherlands on Java and Sumatra by the proclaimed Republic of Indonesia undertook in the period July 21 to August 5, 1947 (first action) and December 19, 1948 to 5 January 1949 (second action ). These actions took place during the Indonesian War of Independence (1945-1949).
In the parlance, the term “police actions” often used to years of Dutch military action during the Indonesian War of Independence to indicate. This is strictly incorrect, because the two police actions, but all in all lasted about four weeks. Here we discuss the two police actions against the background of the overall political and military situation after the capitulation of Japan in August 1945 until the handover in December 1949.
Initially came to an armed confrontation between Indonesian nationalists and the British troops after the Japanese surrender in August 1945 strategic positions in the archipelago had occupied. In October 1945, at Surabaya ignited the fight, which city the nationalists after bloody fighting, give up.
Only in March 1946 came the first Dutch troops in Indonesia for the country to take over British positions. Only one battalion of marines had seen a chance – despite the British policy to quit Dutch troops to leave – as early as late 1945 in Batavia to disembark.
Apart from the police actions (short Dutch offensives), the Indonesian Independence War most of the time the character of a guerrilla of the Indonesian nationalists against the Dutch troops. The hostilities lasted until the cease-fire in August 1949
After the conflict flared in 1949 (apart from the coup of former captain Westerner in 1950) even once. That was during the hostilities that preceded the transfer of Dutch New Guinea in 1962.
Netherlands recognized the Republic as an independent state, but regarded it as an insurrectionary movement in the colonial Dutch East Indies. Therefore they used the term “police action” in the hope this foreign criticism of military action to weaken. In more recent literature is for this reason also spoke of the Indonesian-Dutch Wars, as Van den Doel in his book Farewell to India: the fall of the Dutch empire in Asia (2000).
During both the Dutch police actions had forces in Indonesia, including the Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL), more than 100,000 men. Most of these were deployed in operations. This size made it clear that a limited “police action” as the Dutch government tried to imagine, there was no.
During the nearly four-year military presence in the Netherlands in Indonesia were approximately 5000 Dutch military life, approximately half by fighting and the rest due to illness and accidents. On the Indonesian side was several times that: an estimated 150,000. They were both victims of Dutch military action if violence exercised by the Indonesian nationalists against political opponents and alleged pro-Dutch elements among their own people.
Source: http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politionele_acties
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